;
; *** Listing 5.2 ***
;
; Program to illustrate one use of write mode 2 of the VGA and EGA by
; drawing lines in color patterns.
;
; Assembled with TASM 4.0, linked with TLINK 6.10
; Checked by Jim Mischel 11/21/94
;
Stack   segment para stack 'STACK'
        db      512 dup(0)
Stack   ends

SCREEN_WIDTH_IN_BYTES   	equ     80
GRAPHICS_SEGMENT 	equ    0a000h  ;mode 10 bit-map segment
SC_INDEX        		equ     3c4h    ;Sequence Controller Index register
MAP_MASK        		equ     2       ;index of Map Mask register
GC_INDEX        		equ     03ceh   ;Graphics Controller Index reg
GRAPHICS_MODE   		equ     5       ;index of Graphics Mode reg
BIT_MASK        		equ     8       ;index of Bit Mask reg

Data    segment para common 'DATA'
Pattern0        db      16
                db      0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
                db      9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
Pattern1        db      6
                db      2, 2, 2, 10, 10, 10
Pattern2        db      8
                db      15, 15, 15, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0
Pattern3        db      9
                db      1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4
Data    ends

Code    segment para public 'CODE'
        assume  cs:Code, ds:Data
Start   proc    near
        mov     ax,Data
        mov     ds,ax
        mov     ax,10h
        int     10h             ;select video mode 10h (640x350)
;
; Draw 8 radial lines in upper left quadrant in pattern 0.
;
        mov     bx,0
        mov     cx,0
        mov     si,offset Pattern0
        call    QuadrantUp
;
; Draw 8 radial lines in upper right quadrant in pattern 1.
;
        mov     bx,320
        mov     cx,0
        mov     si,offset Pattern1
        call    QuadrantUp
;
; Draw 8 radial lines in lower left quadrant in pattern 2.
;
        mov     bx,0
        mov     cx,175
        mov     si,offset Pattern2
        call    QuadrantUp
;
; Draw 8 radial lines in lower right quadrant in pattern 3.
;
        mov     bx,320
        mov     cx,175
        mov     si,offset Pattern3
        call    QuadrantUp
;
; Wait for a key before returning to text mode and ending.
;
        mov     ah,01h
        int     21h
        mov     ax,03h
        int     10h
        mov     ah,4ch
        int     21h
;
; Draws 8 radial lines with specified pattern in specified mode 10h
; quadrant.
;
; Input:
;       BX = X coordinate of upper left corner of quadrant
;       CX = Y coordinate of upper left corner of quadrant
;       SI = pointer to pattern, in following form:
;               Byte 0: Length of pattern
;               Byte 1: Start of pattern, one color per byte
;
; AX, BX, CX, DX destroyed
;
QuadrantUp      proc    near
        add     bx,160
        add     cx,87           ;point to the center of the quadrant
        mov     ax,0
        mov     dx,160
        call    LineUp          ;draw horizontal line to right edge
        mov     ax,1
        mov     dx,88
        call    LineUp          ;draw diagonal line to upper right
        mov     ax,2
        mov     dx,88
        call    LineUp          ;draw vertical line to top edge
        mov     ax,3
        mov     dx,88
        call    LineUp          ;draw diagonal line to upper left
        mov     ax,4
        mov     dx,161
        call    LineUp          ;draw horizontal line to left edge
        mov     ax,5
        mov     dx,88
        call    LineUp          ;draw diagonal line to lower left
        mov     ax,6
        mov     dx,88
        call    LineUp          ;draw vertical line to bottom edge
        mov     ax,7
        mov     dx,88
        call    LineUp          ;draw diagonal line to bottom right
        ret
QuadrantUp      endp
;
; Draws a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line (one of the eight
; possible radial lines) of the specified length from the specified
; starting point.
;
; Input:
;       AX = line direction, as follows:
;               3  2  1
;               4  *  0
;               5  6  7
;       BX = X coordinate of starting point
;       CX = Y coordinate of starting point
;       DX = length of line (number of pixels drawn)
;
; All registers preserved.
;
; Table of vectors to routines for each of the 8 possible lines.
;
LineUpVectors   label   word
        dw      LineUp0, LineUp1, LineUp2, LineUp3
        dw      LineUp4, LineUp5, LineUp6, LineUp7

;
; Macro to draw horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line.
;
; Input:
;       XParm = 1 to draw right, -1 to draw left, 0 to not move horz.
;       YParm = 1 to draw up, -1 to draw down, 0 to not move vert.
;       BX = X start location
;       CX = Y start location
;       DX = number of pixels to draw
;       DS:SI = line pattern
;
MLineUp macro   XParm, YParm
        local   LineUpLoop, CheckMoreLine
        mov     di,si           ;set aside start offset of pattern
        lodsb                   ;get length of pattern
        mov     ah,al

LineUpLoop:
        lodsb                   ;get color of this pixel...
        call    DotUpInColor    ;...and draw it
if XParm EQ 1
        inc     bx
endif
if XParm EQ -1
        dec     bx
endif
if YParm EQ 1
        inc     cx
endif
if YParm EQ -1
        dec     cx
endif
        dec     ah              ;at end of pattern?
        jnz     CheckMoreLine
        mov     si,di           ;get back start of pattern
        lodsb
        mov     ah,al           ;reset pattern count

CheckMoreLine:
        dec     dx
        jnz     LineUpLoop
        jmp     LineUpEnd
        endm

LineUp  proc    near
        push    ax
        push    bx
        push    cx
        push    dx
        push    si
        push    di
        push    es

        mov     di,ax

        mov     ax,GRAPHICS_SEGMENT
        mov     es,ax

        push    dx              ;save line length
;
; Enable writes to all planes.
;
        mov     dx,SC_INDEX
        mov     al,MAP_MASK
        out     dx,al
        inc     dx
        mov     al,0fh
        out     dx,al
;
; Select write mode 2.
;
        mov     dx,GC_INDEX
        mov     al,GRAPHICS_MODE
        out     dx,al
        inc     dx
        mov     al,02h
        out     dx,al
;
; Vector to proper routine.
;
        pop     dx              ;get back line length

        shl     di,1
        jmp     cs:[LineUpVectors+di]
;
; Horizontal line to right.
;
LineUp0:
        MLineUp 1, 0
;
; Diagonal line to upper right.
;
LineUp1:
        MLineUp 1, -1
;
; Vertical line to top.
;
LineUp2:
        MLineUp 0, -1
;
; Diagonal line to upper left.
;
LineUp3:
        MLineUp -1, -1
;
; Horizontal line to left.
;
LineUp4:
        MLineUp -1, 0
;
; Diagonal line to bottom left.
;
LineUp5:
        MLineUp -1, 1
;
; Vertical line to bottom.
;
LineUp6:
        MLineUp 0, 1
;
; Diagonal line to bottom right.
;
LineUp7:
        MLineUp 1, 1

LineUpEnd:
        pop     es
        pop     di
        pop     si
        pop     dx
        pop     cx
        pop     bx
        pop     ax
        ret
LineUp  endp
;
; Draws a dot in the specified color at the specified location.
; Assumes that the VGA is in write mode 2 with writes to all planes
; enabled and that ES points to display memory.
;
; Input:
;       AL = dot color
;       BX = X coordinate of dot
;       CX = Y coordinate of dot
;       ES = display memory segment
;
; All registers preserved.
;
DotUpInColor    proc    near
        push    bx
        push    cx
        push    dx
        push    di
;
; Point ES:DI to the display memory byte in which the pixel goes, with
; the bit mask set up to access that pixel within the addressed byte.
;
        push    ax              ;preserve dot color
        mov     ax,SCREEN_WIDTH_IN_BYTES        
        mul     cx              ;offset of start of top scan line
        mov     di,ax
        mov     cl,bl
        and     cl,111b
        mov     dx,GC_INDEX
        mov     al,BIT_MASK
        out     dx,al
        inc     dx
        mov     al,80h
        shr     al,cl
        out     dx,al           ;set the bit mask for the pixel
        shr     bx,1
        shr     bx,1
        shr     bx,1            ;X in bytes
        add     di,bx           ;offset of byte pixel is in
        mov     al,es:[di]      ;load latches
        pop     ax              ;get back dot color
        stosb                   ;write dot in desired color

        pop     di
        pop     dx
        pop     cx
        pop     bx
        ret
DotUpInColor    endp
Start   endp
Code    ends
        end     Start

