; **************************************************************************** ; HDFORMAT.ASM (HDFORMAT.COM) - Retro DOS v4 Hard Disk Formatting Utility ; (RDHDFORM.S - RDHDFORM.COM) ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; Primary DOS Partition (FAT File System) Format Utility for Retro DOS v4 OS. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; Last Update: 29/01/2026 (Previous: 14/07/2024) ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; Beginning: 28/10/2023 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; Assembler: NASM version 2.15 (rdhdform.s) ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; Modified from 'hdformat.s'(HDFORMAT.COM) source code by Erdogan Tan ; (25/09/2020) - TRDOS 386 hard/fixed disk formatting utility - ; **************************************************************************** ; Copyright (C) 2020-2024 Erdogan TAN ; **************************************************************************** ; assembling: nasm hdformat.s -l hdformat.lst -o HDFORMAT.COM -Z error.txt ; Note: Logical DOS drives in extended DOS partitions are excluded. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; equations ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; boot sector parameters bsOemName equ 3 bsBytesPerSec equ 11 ; 512 (word) bsSecPerClust equ 13 bsResSectors equ 14 bsFATs equ 16 bsRootDirEnts equ 17 bsSectors equ 19 bsMedia equ 21 bsFATsecs equ 22 bsSecPerTrack equ 24 ; 18 (word) bsHeads equ 26 ; 2 (word) bsHidden1 equ 28 bsHidden2 equ 30 bsHugeSectors equ 32 bsDriveNumber equ 36 bsReserved1 equ 37 bsBpbSignature equ 38 ; 29h (byte) bsVolumeID equ 39 bsVolumeLabel equ 43 bsFileSysType equ 54 ; 'FAT12 ' (8 bytes) ; bsReserved2 equ 62 ; TRDOS 386 v2.0 2018 Extensions bsDataStart equ 64 bsRootDirStart equ 66 bsRootDirSects equ 68 bsDirEntsPerSec equ 70 ; FAT32 bs BPB_FATSz32 equ 36 BPB_ExtFlags equ 40 BPB_FSVer equ 42 BPB_RootClus equ 44 BPB_FSInfo equ 48 BPB_BkBootSec equ 50 BPB_Reserved equ 52 BS_DrvNum equ 64 ; 80h BS_Reserved1 equ 65 BS_BootSig equ 66 ; 29h (byte) BS_VolID equ 67 BS_VolLab equ 71 BS_FilSysType equ 82 ; 'FAT32 ' (8 bytes) ; Masterboot / Partition Table at Beginning+1BEh ptBootable equ 0 ptBeginHead equ 1 ptBeginSector equ 2 ptBeginCylinder equ 3 ptFileSystemID equ 4 ptEndHead equ 5 ptEndSector equ 6 ptEndCylinder equ 7 ptStartSector equ 8 ptSectors equ 12 partition_table equ 1BEh ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; code ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [BITS 16] [ORG 100h] cli cld push cs pop ss mov sp, 0FFFEh sti ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; see if drive specified ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mov si, 80h ; PSP command tail mov cl, [si] or cl, cl jnz short T_1 jmp T_9 ; jump if zero T_1: inc si ; (+) mov al, [si] cmp al, ' ' ; is it SPACE ? jne short T_2 R_1: dec cl jnz short T_1 jmp T_9 T_2: inc si ; (*) cmp al, '-' jne short R_2 dec cl ; 1st 'inc si' (+) dec cl ; previous 'inc si' (*) jng short T_9 ; cl < 1 cmp al, ah je short T_9 mov ah, al ; '-' mov al, [si] ; cl > 0 inc si ; (**) cmp byte [si], ' ' jne short T_9 cmp al, '0' jb short T_9 cmp al, '4' ja short T_9 sub al, '0' mov [partition], al jmp short R_1 ; dec cl for previous 'inc si' (**) R_2: dec cl ; 1st 'inc si' (+) jz short R_3 cmp byte [si], ':' je short T_3 cmp byte [si], ' ' jna short R_3 dec cl ; following 'inc si' (*) jz short R_3 cmp al, 'h' jne short T_9 cmp byte [si], 'd' jne short T_9 inc si ; (*) mov al, [si] cmp al, '0' je short T_8 jb short T_9 cmp al, '3' jna short T_8 jmp short T_9 T_3: dec cl ; following 'inc si' (**) jz short R_3 ; cl > 0 inc si ; (**) cmp byte [si], ' ' ja short T_9 R_3: cmp al, 'C' jb short T_9 je short T_6 ;cmp al, 'Z' ; A - Z ;jna short T_6 cmp al, 'D' jna short T_6 cmp al, 'Z' jna short T_9 T_4: cmp al, 'c' ; a - z jb short T_9 je short T_5 ;cmp al, 'z' ;ja short T_9 cmp al, 'd' ja short T_9 T_5: sub al, 'a'-'A' ; to upper case ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; get drive code ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T_6: sub al, 'C'-'0' T_7: mov [RD_Drive], al ; '0' .. '4' jmp short T_10 T_8: inc si cmp byte [si], ' ' jna short T_7 ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; Write message ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T_9: mov si, RD_Welcome call print_msg ;cmp cl, 0 ;ja short T_35 jmp T_35 ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; get drive parameters ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T_10: mov ah, 08h ;mov dl, [RD_Drive] ; drive mov dl, al add dl, 80h -'0' ; make it 80h based mov [drv], dl int 13h ; return disk parameters push cs pop es ; restore es or ah, ah jnz short T_12 ; error mov al, cl and al, 63 mov [sectors], al shr cl, 6 xchg ch, cl inc cx mov [cylinders], cx inc dh mov [heads], dh mul dh ; ax = heads * spt mov [csize], ax mul cx ; * cylinders ; dx:ax = chs limit mov [CHS_limit], ax mov [CHS_limit+2], dx ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; read MBR ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; check for (valid) primary dos partition ;mov byte [RetryCount], 4 mov di, 5 ;mov ax, 0201h ; read disk mov bx, MBR ; location of masterboot code mov cx, 1 ; cylinder = 0 ; sector = 1 mov dh, 0 ; head = 0 ;mov dl, [RD_Drive] ; drive ;add dl, 80h -'0' ; make it 80h based mov dl, [drv] T_11: mov ax, 0201h int 13h ;jc short T_37 jnc short T_13 ; read masterboot sector, OK ; reset hard disk(s) xor ah, ah ;mov dl, [drv] int 13h ;dec byte [RetryCount] dec di jnz short T_11 ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; write disk error message and terminate ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T_12: mov byte [zbyte], 0 ; message without (Y/N) question call T_37 ; write error message jmp T_35 ; terminate T_13: cmp word [MBR+510], 0AA55h jne short T_12 mov si, MBR+(partition_table+ptFileSystemID) ; ah = 0 mov al, [partition] and al, al ; 0 ? jz short T_14 dec al jz short T_14 shl al, 4 ; * 16 add si, ax T_14: call validate_primary_dos_partition jnc short T_15 cmp byte [partition], 0 ja short R_5 add si, 16 cmp si, MBR+partition_table+ptFileSystemID+64 jb short T_14 mov si, RD_fatp_notfound ;call print_msg ;jmp T_35 R_4: jmp M_3 R_5: mov si, not_primary_dos_p call print_msg mov si, a_p_d_p jmp short R_4 M_2: ; Partition size defect ; (less than the minimum number of sectors required) mov si, RD_psize_defect ;call print_msg ;jmp T_35 jmp short R_4 T_15: ; valid primary dos partition ; al = FAT type (1,2,3) ; ah = partition type mov byte [fattype], al mov [fsID], ah cmp al, 2 je short T_17 ; FAT16 BS (default offset addr) jb short T_16 ; set format code pointer to FAT32 format code mov word [trdos386fc], format_FAT32_fs ; set FS type string mov word [fattype_str],'32' ; 'FAT32' ; ok.. read boot sector jmp short T_17 T_16: ; set format code pointer to FAT12 format code mov word [trdos386fc], format_FAT12_fs mov byte [fattype_str+1],'2' ; 'FAT12' ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; read primary dos partition's boot sector ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T_17: ;mov byte [RetryCount], 5 add si, ptStartSector-ptFileSystemID mov ax, [si] mov dx, [si+2] mov [dosp_start], ax mov [dosp_start+2], dx add si, ptSectors-ptStartSector mov cx, [si] mov bx, [si+2] mov [dosp_size], cx mov [dosp_size+2], bx ; check minimum partition size cmp byte [fattype], 3 ; FAT32 FS jnb short M_1 ; yes M_0: or bx, bx jnz short T_19 cmp cx, [csize] ; sectors per cylinder jnb short T_19 jmp short M_2 M_1: cmp bx, 1 ; >= 32MB ? ja short T_19 jb short M_2 cmp cx, 0415h ; must be >= 66581 sectors jb short M_2 T_19: add cx, ax adc bx, dx jc T_12 cmp bx, [CHS_limit+2] mov bx, bootsector ja short T_20 ; LBA read/write jb short T_18 cmp cx, [CHS_limit] ja short T_20 T_18: ; CHS read ;mov ax, [dosp_start] ;mov dx, [dosp_start+2] call read_chs_sector jc T_12 jmp short T_22 T_20: mov byte [lba], 1 ; LBA r/w is required ;mov ax, [dosp_start] ;mov dx, [dosp_start+2] call read_lba_sector jc T_12 T_22: cmp word [bootsector+510], 0AA55h jne short T_23 cmp word [bootsector+bsBytesPerSec], 512 jne short T_23 ; 04/05/2024 (BugFix) cmp byte [bootsector+bsMedia], 0F8h jne short T_23 cmp byte [fattype], 2 ja short T_24 cmp byte [bootsector+bsBpbSignature], 29h jne short T_23 cmp dword [bootsector+bsFileSysType], 'FAT1' jne short T_23 mov al, [bootsector+bsFileSysType+4] cmp al, '6' je short T_25 cmp al, '2' jne short T_23 ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; format question (and warning msg) ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T_25: mov si, RD_Format_warning ; warning is required jmp short T_26 T_24: ; 04/05/2024 cmp word [bootsector+bsFATsecs], 0 ja short T_23 ; not FAT32 fs cmp byte [bootsector+BS_BootSig], 29h jne short T_23 cmp dword [bootsector+BS_FilSysType], 'FAT3' jne short T_23 cmp byte [bootsector+BS_FilSysType+4], '2' je short T_25 T_23: mov si, RD_Do_you_want ; no need to warning T_26: call print_msg call get_answer cmp al, 'Y' je short T_27 mov si, _no_str M_3: call print_msg jmp short T_35 T_27: mov si, _yes_str call print_msg mov si, RD_PressKeyWhenReady call print_msg T_28: xor ax, ax int 16h ; wait for keyboard command cmp al, 'M'-40h ; Enter (OK) key ;je short T_29 ; write je short R_6 cmp al, 'C'-40h je short T_35 ; no write (exit) cmp al, 27 je short T_35 jmp short T_28 ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; clear fat buffer and start formatting ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - R_6: cmp byte [fattype], 3 ; FAT32 ? jne short T_29 ; Temporary FAT32 note for Retro DOS v4 ; (This code will be removed when the Retro DOS v5 ; FAT32 boot sector code will be ready.)" ; 28/10/2023 mov si, FAT32_note call print_msg xor ah, ah int 16h cmp al, 'M'-40h ; Enter (OK) key jne short T_35 T_29: mov si, RD_CRLF call print_msg ; Clear buffer in BSS mov di, HDFORMAT_FATBUFFER xor ax, ax mov cx, 256 rep stosw ; Clear volume name field mov di, StrVolumeName mov cl, 12 rep stosb mov dl, [fsID] ; Partition ID jmp word [trdos386fc] T_35: mov si, RD_CRLF Exit: call print_msg mov ax, 4C00h ; terminate int 21h T_36: call get_answer cmp al, 'Y' je short T_29 jmp short T_35 ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; disk r/w error or disk not ready ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T_37: mov si, RD_disk_NotReadyOrError ;;call print_msg ;;jmp short T_36 ;jmp short print_msg ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; print message ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - print_msg: T_38: lodsb ; Load byte at DS:SI to AL and al, al jz short T_39 mov ah, 0Eh mov bx, 07h int 10h ; BIOS Service func ( ah ) = 0Eh ; Write char as TTY ; AL-char BH-page BL-color jmp short T_38 T_39: _NO_: retn ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; Yes/No ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - get_answer: xor ax, ax int 16h ; wait for keyboard command cmp al, 'y' je short _yes ; retry cmp al, 'Y' je short _YES_ cmp al, 'n' je short _NO_ ; exit cmp al, 'N' je short _NO_ cmp al, 'C'-40h je short _NO_ cmp al, 27 je short _NO_ jmp short get_answer _yes: mov al, 'Y' _YES_: retn ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; get and set partition type for formatting ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - validate_primary_dos_partition: ; INPUT: ; si = partition table entry offset + file system ID ; OUTPUT: ; cf = 0 -> ah = primary DOS partition ID ; (01h,04h,06h,0Bh,0Ch,0Eh) ; al = FAT type ; 1 = FAT12 ; 2 = FAT16 ; 3 = FAT32 ; ; cf = 1 -> not a primary DOS partition sub al, al ; mov al, 0 mov ah, [si] cmp ah, 01h ; FAT12 partition jb short V_5 ; 0 je short V_3 V_0: inc al ; mov al, 1 cmp ah, 06h ; FAT16 CHS partition (>=32MB) ja short V_2 je short V_3 cmp ah, 04h ; FAT16 CHS partition (< 32MB) je short V_3 V_1: stc retn V_2: inc al ; mov al, 2 cmp ah, 0Ch ; FAT32 LBA partition je short V_3 ja short V_4 cmp ah, 0Bh ; FAT32 CHS partition jb short V_5 V_3: inc al ; 0->1, 1->2, 2->3 retn V_4: cmp ah, 0Eh ; FAT16 LBA partition jne short V_1 ;mov al, 2 V_5: retn ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; disk read ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - read_hd_sector: cmp byte [lba], 0 ja short read_lba_sector read_chs_sector: ; Derived from 'proc_write_chs_sector' in HDFORMAT.ASM (30/07/2011) ; (TRDOS v1, Singlix FS formatting utility) mov byte [rw], 2 ; read jmp short chs_rw write_chs_sector: ; Derived from 'proc_write_chs_sector' in HDFORMAT.ASM (30/07/2011) ; (TRDOS v1, Singlix FS formatting utility) mov byte [rw], 3 ; write ;jmp short chs_rw chs_rw: push si push cx chs_rw_0: mov di, 5 chs_rw_1: push dx ; Linear sector # push ax ; DX_AX = Linear address (sectors) mov cx, [sectors] push bx call div32 ; 32 bit divide mov cx, bx ; Sector (zero based) inc cx ; To make it 1 based push cx mov cx, [heads] call div32 ; Convert track to head & cyl mov dh, bl ; BX = Head (max. FFh) pop cx ; AX=Cyl, DH=Head, CX=Sector pop bx ; ES:BX = Buffer mov dl, [drv] mov ch, al ror ah, 1 ; Rotate right ror ah, 1 or cl, ah chs_rw_2: mov ah, [rw] ; 02h = read, 03h = write mov al, 01h int 13h ; BIOS Service func (ah) = 2/3 ; Read/Write disk sectors ; AL-sec num CH-track CL-sec ; DH-head DL-drive ES:BX-buffer ; CF-flag AH-status AL-sectors written/read ; If CF = 1 then AH = Error code (>0) ;mov [error], ah jnc short chs_rw_3 dec di jz short chs_rw_3 xor ah, ah ;mov dl, [drv] int 13h ; BIOS Service func (ah) = 0 ; Reset disk system jmp short chs_rw_2 chs_rw_3: pop ax pop dx pop cx pop si retn ; db 0C3h read_lba_sector: ; trhdboot.s (2020), hdformat.asm (2011) mov byte [rw], 42h jmp short lba_rw ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; disk write ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - write_hd_sector: cmp byte [lba], 0 jna short write_chs_sector write_lba_sector: ; trhdboot.s (2020), hdformat.asm (2011) mov byte [rw], 43h ;jmp short lba_rw lba_rw: mov di, 5 lba_rw_1: ;pusha ; db 60h db 60h ;push 0 ; db 6Ah, 00h db 6Ah, 0 ;push 0 ; db 6Ah, 00h db 6Ah, 0 push dx push ax push es push bx ;push 1 ; db 6Ah, 01h db 6Ah, 01h ;push 10h ; db 6Ah, 10h db 6Ah, 10h mov si, sp mov dl, [drv] xor al, al ; verify off lba_rw_2: mov ah, [rw] ; 42h = LBA read, 43h = LBA write ;xor al, al ; verify off int 13h ;mov [error], ah jnc short lba_rw_3 dec di jz short lba_rw_3 xor ah, ah ;mov dl, [drv] int 13h ; BIOS Service func (ah) = 0 ; Reset disk system ;mov word [si+2], 1 ; set r/w count to 1 again mov byte [si+2], 1 jmp short lba_rw_2 lba_rw_3: ;popa db 61h ;popa db 61h retn ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; FAT32 FORMATTING ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; ((TRDOS 386 criter)) ; Minimum size of FAT32 FS = 65525 + 512 + 512 + 32 ; >= 66581 sectors (or >= 65525 data clusters) format_FAT32_fs: ;mov ax, 000Ch ; db 0Ch, 00h ; 'or al, 0' ;cmp dl, al ; 0Ch ;je short FAT32_lba_format ;mov ax, 0C00Bh ; db 0Bh, 0C0h ; 'or ax, ax' ;FAT32_lba_format: ; Put TRDOS 386 FAT32 partition magic word ; at offset 5Ah, in TRDOS386 FAT32 boot sector 0. mov bp, RD_FAT32_hd_bs lea di, [bp+3] mov si, bs_oem_name mov cx, 4 rep movsw ;mov [bp+5Ah], ax ; [loc_5A] mov word [bp+5Ah], 0C00Bh mov ax, [sectors] mov [bp+18h], ax ; [BPB_SecPerTrk] mov ax, [heads] mov [bp+1Ah], ax ; [BPB_NumHeads] mov ax, [dosp_start] mov [bp+1Ch], ax ; [BPB_HiddSec] mov ax, [dosp_start+2] mov [bp+1Eh], ax ; [BPB_HiddSec+2] mov ax, [dosp_size] mov [bp+20h], ax ; [BPB_TotSec32] mov dx, [dosp_size+2] mov [bp+22h], dx ; [BPB_TotSec32+2] ; Sectors per cluster calculation ; (According to MS FAT32 FS specification.) mov cl, 8 ; 8 sectors per cluster cmp dx, 8 ; >= 532480 sectors ja short FAT32_f_2 ; 8 sectors per cluster jb short FAT32_f_1 ; 1 sector per cluster cmp ax, 2000h ; dx_ax = (8*65536)+8192 jnb short FAT32_f_2 FAT32_f_1: mov cl, 1 ; 1 sector per cluster FAT32_f_2: mov [bp+0Dh], cl ; [BPB_SecPerClus] ;mov byte [bp+10h], 2 ; [BPB_NumFATs] ;mov word [bp+0Eh], 32 ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] ; Calculating FAT size in sectors ; (According to MS FAT32 FS Specification, 2000) ; DX_AX = partition (volume) size in sectors sub ax, [bp+0Eh] ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] ; 32 sbb dx, 0 ; TmpVal1 = DiskSize - (BPB_ResvdSecCnt + ; RootDirsectors) ; RootDirSectors = 0 (for FAT32 FS) mov bx, cx ; ch = 0 shl bx, 8 ; * 256 mov cl, [bp+10h] ; [BPB_NumFATs] add bx, cx ; TmpVal2 = (256*BPB_SecPerClus)+BPB_NumFATs shr bx, 1 ; TmpVal2 = TmpVal2/2 mov cx, bx dec bx ; TmpVal2-1 add ax, bx adc dx, 0 call div32 ; FATSz = (TmpVal1+(TmpVal2-1))/TmpVal2 ; DX_AX = FAT size in sectors mov [bp+24h], ax ; [BPB_FATSz32] mov [bp+26h], dx ; [BPB_FATSz32+2] ; * 2 mov bx, dx add ax, ax adc bx, dx ; BX_AX = [BPB_NumFATs] * [BPB_FATSz32] mov cx, [bp+0Eh] ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] ; 32 add cx, ax adc bx, 0 ; BX_CX = [BPB_RsvdSecCnt]+[BPB_NumFATs]*[BPB_FATSz32] mov ax, [bp+20h] ; [BPB_TotSec32] mov dx, [bp+22h] ; [BPB_TotSec32+2] sub ax, cx sbb dx, bx mov [data_start], cx mov [data_start+2], bx ; DX_AX = Data sectors mov [data_sectors], ax mov [data_sectors+2], dx mov cl, [bp+0Dh] ; [BPB_SecPerClus] xor ch, ch call div32 ; DX_AX/CX ; DX_AX = Count of clusters (rounded down) mov [cluster_count], ax mov [cluster_count+2], dx lea di, [bp+71] ; [BS_VolLab] call write_volume_name lea si, [bp+67] ; [BS_VolID] call write_volume_serial call write_cluster_count call write_formatting_msg mov al, 0 call write_format_percent_x mov ax, [bp+1Ch] ; [BPB_HiddSec] mov dx, [bp+1Eh] ; [BPB_HiddSec+2] add [data_start], ax adc [data_start+2], dx FAT32_f_3: ; DX_AX = FAT32 Boot Sector address mov bx, RD_FAT32_hd_bs ; ES:BX = Boot Sector 1 Buffer call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 mov bx, HDFORMAT_FSINFO_BUFF ; ES:BX = FS INFO Sector Buffer (= BS+1) call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 mov bx, RD_FAT32_hd_bs + 512 ; ES:BX = Boot Sector 2 Buffer call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent mov cx, 3 FAT32_f_4: push cx add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 mov bx, HDFORMAT_EMPTY_BUFF call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent pop cx dec cl jnz short FAT32_f_4 add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 mov cx, [bp+1Ch] ; [BPB_HiddSec] mov bx, [bp+1Eh] ; [BPB_HiddSec+2] add cx, 12 adc bx, 0 ; write BACKUP sectors ; (6,7,8 boot+fsi and 9,10,11 empty sectors) cmp dx, bx jb short FAT32_f_3 cmp ax, cx jb short FAT32_f_3 ; write remain part of reserved sectors mov cx, [bp+0Eh] ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] sub cx, 12 jna short FAT32_f_6 FAT32_f_5: push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_EMPTY_BUFF call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 pop cx dec cx jnz short FAT32_f_5 FAT32_f_6: ; write FAT sectors mov cx, [data_start] ; lba/abs addr mov bx, [data_start+2] ; lba/abs addr push bx push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_FATBUFFER ; ES:BX = FAT Sector Buffer mov cl, [bp+15h] ; [BPB_Media] mov ch, 0FFh mov [bx], cx mov cl, ch ; cx = 0FFFFh mov [bx+2], cx mov [bx+4], cx mov [bx+6], cx ; Root dir cluster number = 2 ; 0FFFFFFFh = end of cluster chain mov [bx+8], cx ; 0FFFFh and ch, 0Fh mov [bx+10], cx ; 0FFFh ;inc cx call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent ;mov bx, HDFORMAT_FATBUFFER mov cx, 0 mov [bx], cx mov [bx+2], cx mov [bx+4], cx mov [bx+6], cx mov [bx+8], cx mov [bx+10], cx jmp short FAT32_f_8 FAT32_f_7: push bx push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_FATBUFFER call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent FAT32_f_8: pop cx pop bx add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 cmp dx, bx jb short FAT32_f_7 cmp ax, cx jb short FAT32_f_7 ; write root directory (1st cluster) ; as empty sectors mov cl, [bp+0Dh] ; [BPB_SecPerClus] xor ch, ch sub [data_sectors], cx sbb word [data_sectors+2], 0 FAT32_f_9: push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_EMPTY_BUFF call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 pop cx dec cl jnz short FAT32_f_9 ; write DATA sectors ; (after root directory 1st cluster) mov cx, [data_sectors] mov bx, [data_sectors+2] ; NOTE: Partition size must be >= 512 MB ; for FAT32 FS ((BX >= 15)) FAT32_f_10: push bx push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_SECBUFFER call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent pop cx pop bx add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 dec cx jnz short FAT32_f_10 dec bx jnz short FAT32_f_10 ; If there are, format remain sectors which are ; at beyond of data clusters, with zero bytes. mov cx, [bp+1Ch] ; [BPB_HiddSec] mov bx, [bp+1Eh] ; [BPB_HiddSec+2] FAT16_f_18: add cx, [bp+20h] ; [BPB_TotSec32] adc bx, [bp+22h] ; [BPB_TotSec32+2] FAT16_f_19: FAT12_f_8: ; are there remain sectors (in partition) ? sub cx, ax sbb bx, dx ; 11/02/2019 ; BX must be 0 (Because, 1 cluster <= 32KB. So, ; remain sectors must not be more than 32K) jnz short FAT32_f_12 ; There is a wrong thing !!! ; If BX is not zero, ; it is better to skip this stage...) or cx, cx jz short FAT32_f_12 ; no.. ; (good! FAT contains all data sectors) FAT32_f_11: push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_EMPTY_BUFF call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent pop cx add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 dec cx jnz short FAT32_f_11 FAT32_f_12: ; End of FAT format routine... end_of_formatting: mov al, 100 call write_format_percent_x ;mov si, CRLF ;call print_msg mov si, _msg_OK ;call print_msg jmp Exit ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; set & write volume name ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - write_fs_volume_name: mov byte [vname_length], 64 jmp short svn_fs write_volume_name: mov byte [vname_length], 11 svn_fs: ; DI = (BS) Volume Label address mov si, Msg_Volume_Name call print_msg ; get cursor position ; bh = 0 ; video page mov ah, 3 ; get cursor pos int 10h mov [Cursor_Pos], dx call rw_char jc short svn_1 svn_0: lodsb cmp al, 20h ja short svn_2 je short svn_0 svn_1: mov si, no_name lodsb svn_2: ;mov di, [bp+47h) ; [BS_VolLab] ; FAT32 ;mov di, [bp+2Bh) ; [BS_VolLab] ; FAT16 (&FAT12) mov bx, di ; * xor ch, ch mov cl, [vname_length] ; 11 jmp short svn_4 svn_3: lodsb cmp al, 20h jb short svn_6 svn_4: stosb loop svn_3 svn_5: mov cl, [vname_length] ; 11 mov si, bx ; * mov di, StrVolumeName rep movsb ;mov byte [di], 0 mov dx, [Cursor_Pos] mov bx, 7 mov ah, 2 int 10h ; Set Cursor Position mov si, StrVolumeName call print_msg mov si, CRLF call print_msg retn svn_6: mov al, 20h svn_7: stosb loop svn_7 jmp short svn_5 ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; set & write volume serial number (volume ID) ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - write_volume_serial: ; SI = (BS) Volume Serial Number (binary) address ;xor ax, ax ;int 1Ah ; get time of day ;mov [si], dx ;mov [si+2], cx ; set unique volume ID ;mov ah, 02h ; Return Current Time ;int 1Ah ;xchg ch, cl ;xchg dh, dl ;add cx, dx ;add [si+2], cx ;mov ah, 04h ; Return Current Date ;int 1Ah ;xchg ch,cl ;xchg dh,dl ;add cx, dx ;add [si+2], cx ; According to Microsoft DOS 6.0 serial number ; production method... ; < Create unique 32 bit serial number > ; Create_Serial_ID (MSDOS 6.0 Source code, MSFOR.ASM) ; (20/04/1987) ; ; Get date (INT 21h, AH=2Bh) ; Get time (INT 21h, AH=2Ch) ; Serial_ID+0 = DX reg date + DX reg time ; Serial_ID+2 = CX reg date + CX reg time ; Serial_Num_Low = Serial_ID+2 ; Serial_Num_High = Serial_ID+0 mov ah, 04h ; Return Current Date int 1Ah ; DL = Day (BCD) (20h) ; DH = Month (BCD) (12h) ; CH = Century (BCD) (20h) ; CL = Year (BCD) (17h) mov al, dl call bcd_to_bin mov dl, al mov al, dh call bcd_to_bin mov dh, al mov al, cl call bcd_to_bin mov cl, al mov al, ch call bcd_to_bin mov ch, al ; DH = Month (1-10) ; DL = Day (1-31) ; CX = Year (1900-2099) push dx push cx mov ah, 02h ; Return Current Time int 1Ah ; DH = Seconds (BCD) (59h) ; CL = Minutes (BCD) (59h) ; CH = Hours (BCD) (23h) ; DL = Daylight savings time option (1=yes) mov al, dh call bcd_to_bin mov dh, al mov al, cl call bcd_to_bin mov cl, al mov al, ch call bcd_to_bin mov ch, al ; CH = Hour (0-23) ; CL = Minutes (0-59) ; DH = Seconds (0-59) ; ((DL = Hundredths (0-99) - MSDOS!)) ; DL = 0 or 1 (here!) mov ax, cx pop cx add ax, cx mov [si+2], ax mov ax, dx pop dx add ax, dx mov [si], ax xor ah, ah ; Read time counter int 1Ah ; CX = High word of clock count ; DX = Low word of clock count ; AL = 0 if 24 hours has not passed, else 1 ; NOTES: ; (Ref: vitaly_filatov.tripod.com/ng/asm/asm_029.1.html) ; ; Following formulas convert the clock count to ; the time of day: ; Hour = Clock / 65543 (1007h) ; Remainder = Clock MOD 65543 ; ; Minutes = Remainder / 1092 (444h) ; Remainder = Remainder MOD 1092 ; ; Second = Remainder / 18.21 ; Remainder = Remainder MOD 18.21 ; ; Hundredths = CINT(Remainder * 100) add [si], dl ; SI = Volume serial number address (4 bytes) mov al, [si] call bin_to_hex mov [Vol_Serial2+2], ax mov al, [si+1] call bin_to_hex mov [Vol_Serial2], ax mov al, [si+2] call bin_to_hex mov [Vol_Serial1+2], ax mov al, [si+3] call bin_to_hex mov [Vol_Serial1], ax mov si, Msg_Volume_Serial call print_msg retn bcd_to_bin: push bx db 0D4h,10h ; Undocumented inst. AAM ; AH = AL / 10h ; AL = AL MOD 10h mov bl, al mov al, 10 mul ah add al, bl pop bx retn ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; write formatting percentage ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - write_formatting_msg: mov ax, [dosp_size] mov dx, [dosp_size+2] ; DX_AX = Total sectors for percentage mov cx, 100 call div32 mov [format_percent], ax mov si, msg_formatting call print_msg ; get cursor position ; bh = 0 ; video page mov ah, 3 ; get cursor pos int 10h mov [Cursor_Pos], dx mov byte [prev_percent], 255 retn write_format_percent: ; DX_AX = Current sector (which has been written) push ax push dx push bx push cx push si sub ax, [bp+1Ch] ; [BPB_HiddSec] sbb dx, [bp+1Eh] ; [BPB_HiddSec+2] wpc_t: mov cx, [format_percent] call div32 ; AL = percentage value between 1 to 100 wpc_x: cmp al, [prev_percent] je short wpc_y mov [prev_percent], al mov dx, [Cursor_Pos] mov bx, 7 mov ah, 2 int 10h ; Set Cursor Position xor dx, dx xor ah, ah ;mov al, [prev_percent] mov si, format_percent_str + 2 call bin_to_decimal call print_msg wpc_y: pop si pop cx pop bx pop dx pop ax retn write_format_percent_x: ; AL = % number push ax push dx push bx push cx push si jmp short wpc_x ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; format error ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - formatting_error: mov sp, [old_sp] mov al, ah ; error code call bin_to_hex mov [error_code], ax mov si, CRLF call print_msg mov si, Msg_Error ;call print_msg jmp Exit ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; write cluster count ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - write_cluster_count: mov si, msg_cluster_count call print_msg mov ax, [cluster_count] mov dx, [cluster_count+2] mov si, cluster_count_str+6 call bin_to_decimal call print_msg retn ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; FAT16 FORMATTING ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; ((TRDOS 386 criter)) ; Minimum size of FAT16 FS = [heads]*[sectors] ; (1 cylinder) or 4096 sectors (for TRDOS 386) format_FAT16_fs: ; 04/05/2024 (BugFix) ; DL = Partition (FS) ID ; mov ax, 0706h ; db 06h, 07h ; 'push es, pop es' ; cmp dl, al ; 06h ; Big CHS partition (>= 32MB) ; je short FAT16_big_chs_format ; ;mov ax, 070Eh ; db 0Eh, 07h ; 'push cs, pop es' ; ;cmp dl, al ; 0Eh ; LBA partition ; ;je short FAT16_lba_format ;FAT16_chs_format: ; ; Partition Type: 04h, CHS (<32 MB) partition ; mov ax, 0004h ; db 04h, 00h ; 'add al, 0' ;FAT16_big_chs_format: ;;; ;FAT16_lba_format: ; Put TRDOS 386 FAT16 partition magic word ; at offset 3Eh, in TRDOS386 FAT16 boot sector. mov bp, RD_FAT16_hd_bs lea di, [bp+3] mov si, bs_oem_name mov cx, 4 rep movsw ;mov [bp+3Eh], ax ; [loc_3E] ; 04/05/2024 (BugFix) cmp dl, 6 je short FAT16_f_x ; skip ; db 'RDv4 FAT16 06h', 0 ; dl = 04h or 0Eh mov [bp+1CEh], dl ; Retro DOS v4 boot sect off 1CEh ; (see: 'rd4hdbs.lst' for 1CEh) FAT16_f_x: mov ax, [sectors] mov [bp+18h], ax ; [BPB_SecPerTrk] mov ax, [heads] mov [bp+1Ah], ax ; [BPB_NumHeads] mov ax, [dosp_start] mov [bp+1Ch], ax ; [BPB_HiddSec] mov ax, [dosp_start+2] mov [bp+1Eh], ax ; [BPB_HiddSec+2] mov ax, [dosp_size] mov dx, [dosp_size+2] and dx, dx jnz short FAT16_f_0 mov [bp+13h], ax ; [BPB_TotSec16] ; CX = 0 ;mov [bp+20h], cx ; [BPB_TotSec32] = 0 ;mov [bp+22h], cx ; [BPB_TotSec32+2] = 0 jmp short FAT16_f_1 FAT16_f_0: mov [bp+20h], ax ; [BPB_TotSec32] mov [bp+22h], dx ; [BPB_TotSec32+2] ; CX = 0 ;mov [bp+13h], cx ; [BPB_TotSec16] = 0 FAT16_f_1: ; Sectors per cluster calculation ; (According to MS FAT32 FS specification.) mov cl, 2 ; 2 sectors per cluster or dx, dx jnz short FAT16_f_2 ; >2 sectors (>16MB) cmp ax, 32680 jna short FAT16_f_10 ; 2 sectors, <=16MB ; > 16MB jmp short FAT16_f_9 ; 4 sectors per cluster FAT16_f_2: cmp dx, 4 ; >= 262144 sectors ; >=128MB ja short FAT16_f_3 ; >4 sectors per cluster jb short FAT16_f_9 ; 4 sectors per cluster or ax, ax ; dx_ax = (4*65536)+0 jz short FAT16_f_9 ; 4 sectors per cluster jmp short FAT16_f_8 ; 8 sectors per cluster FAT16_f_3: cmp dx, 8 ; >= 524288 sectors ; >=256MB ja short FAT16_f_4 ; >8 sectors per cluster jb short FAT16_f_8 ; 8 sectors per cluster and ax, ax ; dx_ax = (8*65536)+0 jz short FAT16_f_8 ; 8 sectors per cluster jmp short FAT16_f_7 ; 16 sectors per cluster FAT16_f_4: cmp dx, 16 ; >= 1048576 sectors ; >=512MB ja short FAT16_f_5 ; >16 sectors per cluster jb short FAT16_f_7 ; 16 sectors per cluster and ax, ax ; dx_ax = (16*65536)+0 jz short FAT16_f_7 ; 16 sectors per cluster jmp short FAT16_f_6 ; 32 sectors per cluster FAT16_f_5: cmp dx, 32 ; >= 2097152 sectors ; >=1GB jb short FAT16_f_6 ; 32 sectors per cluster or ax, ax ; dx_ax = (32*65536)+0 jz short FAT16_f_6 ; 32 sectors per cluster ; >1GB (<=2GB) ; 64 sectors per cluster shl cl, 1 FAT16_f_6: ; 32 sectors per cluster (for <= 2GB volumes) shl cl, 1 FAT16_f_7: ; 16 sectors per cluster (for <= 1GB volumes) shl cl, 1 FAT16_f_8: ; 8 sectors per cluster (for <= 512MB volumes) shl cl, 1 FAT16_f_9: ; 4 sectors per cluster (for <= 256MB volumes) shl cl, 1 FAT16_f_10: ; 2 sectors per cluster (for <= 128MB volumes) mov [bp+0Dh], cl ; [BPB_SecPerClus] ;mov byte [bp+10h], 2 ; [BPB_NumFATs] ;mov word [bp+0Eh], 1 ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] ;mov word [bp+11h], 512 ; [BPB_RootEntCnt] ; Calculating FAT size in sectors ; (According to MS FAT32 FS Specification, 2000) ; DX_AX = partition (volume) size in sectors mov bx, [bp+11h] ; [BPB_RootEntCnt] = 512 add bx, 15 ; bx = 527 shr bx, 4 ; /16 = 527/16 = 32 ; ((32*BX)+511)/512 mov [root_dir_secs], bx add bx, [bp+0Eh] ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] ; 1 sub ax, bx sbb dx, 0 ; TmpVal1 = DiskSize - (BPB_ResvdSecCnt + ; RootDirsectors) ;mov bx, cx ; ch = 0 ;shl bx, 8 ; * 256 mov bh, cl xor bl, bl mov cl, 2 ; [BPB_NumFATs] add bx, cx ; TmpVal2 = (256*BPB_SecPerClus)+BPB_NumFATs mov cx, bx dec bx ; TmpVal2-1 add ax, bx adc dx, 0 call div32 ; FATSz = (TmpVal1+(TmpVal2-1))/TmpVal2 ; AX = FAT size in sectors ; DX = 0 mov [bp+16h], ax ; [BPB_FATSz16] ; * 2 shl ax, 1 ; AX = [BPB_NumFATs] * [BPB_FATSz16] mov cx, [bp+0Eh] ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] ; 1 add cx, ax ; 14/07/2024 (bugfix) mov [bp+42h], cx ; bsRootDirStart mov bx, [root_dir_secs] mov [bp+44h], bx ; bsRootDirSects ;mov word [bp+46h], 16 ; bsDirEntsPerSec ; CX = [BPB_RsvdSecCnt]+([BPB_NumFATs]*[BPB_FATSz16]) ;add cx, [root_dir_secs] ; + RootDirsectors ; 14/07/2024 add cx, bx sub bx, bx ; BX = 0 ; BX_CX = [BPB_RsvdSecCnt]+([BPB_NumFATs]*[BPB_FATSz16]) ; + RootDirSectors mov ax, [bp+13h] ; [BPB_TotSec16] ;sub dx, dx ; DX = 0 and ax, ax jnz short FAT16_f_11 mov ax, [bp+20h] ; [BPB_TotSec32] mov dx, [bp+22h] ; [BPB_TotSec32+2] FAT16_f_11: sub ax, cx sbb dx, bx mov [data_start], cx mov [data_start+2], bx ; 14/07/2024 (bugfix) mov [bp+40h], cx ; bsDataStart ; DX_AX = Data sectors mov [data_sectors], ax mov [data_sectors+2], dx mov cl, [bp+0Dh] ; [BPB_SecPerClus] xor ch, ch call div32 ; DX_AX/CX ; AX = Count of clusters (rounded down) ; DX = 0 mov [cluster_count], ax mov [cluster_count+2], dx lea di, [bp+43] ; [BS_VolLab] call write_volume_name lea si, [bp+39] ; [BS_VolID] call write_volume_serial call write_cluster_count call write_formatting_msg mov al, 0 call write_format_percent_x mov ax, [bp+1Ch] ; [BPB_HiddSec] mov dx, [bp+1Eh] ; [BPB_HiddSec+2] add [data_start], ax adc [data_start+2], dx ; DX_AX = FAT16 Boot Sector address mov bx, RD_FAT16_hd_bs ; ES:BX = Boot Sector Buffer call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 ; write remain part of reserved sectors mov cx, [bp+0Eh] ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] ;sub cx, 1 ;jna short FAT16_f_13 dec cx jz short FAT16_f_13 FAT16_f_12: push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_EMPTY_BUFF call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 pop cx dec cx ; dec cl jnz short FAT16_f_12 FAT16_f_13: ; write FAT sectors mov cx, [data_start] ; lba/abs addr mov bx, [data_start+2] ; lba/abs addr sub cx, [root_dir_secs] sbb bx, 0 push bx push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_FATBUFFER ; ES:BX = FAT Sector Buffer mov cl, [bp+15h] ; [BPB_Media] mov ch, 0FFh mov [bx], cx ; 0FFF8h mov cl, ch ; cx = 0FFFFh mov [bx+2], cx ;inc cx call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent ;mov bx, HDFORMAT_FATBUFFER mov cx, 0 mov [bx], cx mov [bx+2], cx jmp short FAT16_f_15 FAT16_f_14: push bx push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_FATBUFFER call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent FAT16_f_15: pop cx pop bx add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 cmp dx, bx jb short FAT16_f_14 cmp ax, cx jb short FAT16_f_14 ; write root directory sectors ; as empty sectors mov cx, [root_dir_secs] FAT16_f_16: push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_EMPTY_BUFF call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 pop cx dec cx jnz short FAT16_f_16 ; write DATA sectors ; (after root directory sectors) mov cx, [data_sectors] mov bx, [data_sectors+2] inc bx ; 0 -> 1, 1-> 2 FAT16_f_17: push bx push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_SECBUFFER call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent pop cx pop bx add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 dec cx jnz short FAT16_f_17 dec bx jnz short FAT16_f_17 ; If there are, format remain sectors which are ; at beyond of data clusters, with zero bytes. mov cx, [bp+1Ch] ; [BPB_HiddSec] mov bx, [bp+1Eh] ; [BPB_HiddSec+2] cmp word [bp+13h], 0 ; [BPB_TotSec16] jz FAT16_f_18 add cx, [bp+13h] ; [BPB_TotSec16] adc bx, 0 jmp FAT16_f_19 ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; FAT12 FORMATTING ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; ((TRDOS 386 criter)) ; Minimum size of FAT12 FS = [heads]*[sectors] ; (1 cylinder) format_FAT12_fs: mov bp, RD_FAT12_hd_bs lea di, [bp+3] mov si, bs_oem_name mov cx, 4 rep movsw mov ax, [sectors] mov [bp+18h], ax ; [BPB_SecPerTrk] mov ax, [heads] mov [bp+1Ah], ax ; [BPB_NumHeads] mov ax, [dosp_start] mov [bp+1Ch], ax ; [BPB_HiddSec] mov ax, [dosp_start+2] mov [bp+1Eh], ax ; [BPB_HiddSec+2] mov ax, [dosp_size] mov [bp+13h], ax ; [BPB_TotSec16] xor si, si ; reset (FAT size fix) flag mov cx, [bp+0Eh] ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] ; 1 mov dx, [bp+11h] ; [BPB_RootEntCnt] = 512 add dx, 15 ; (16-1) (512-1) shr dx, 4 ; /16 (*32/512) ; AX = Root dir sectors ; CX = [BPB_RsvdSecCnt]+([BPB_NumFATs]*[BPB_FATSz16]) add cx, dx ; + RootDirsectors ; + 32 mov [root_dir_secs], cx ; = 33 ;sub ax, 33 ; 1 reserved sector, 32 root dir sectors ; .. now AX has number of data sectors ; + 2* (FAT sectors) sub ax, cx FAT12_f_10: ; Sectors per cluster calculation ; (According to MS FAT32 FS specification.) ;mov cx, 1 ; 1 sector per cluster mov cl, 1 ; CH = 0 ; 28/10/2023 ; (BugFix) push ax FAT12_f_0: cmp ax, 4085 ; Max. cluster count for FAT12 jb short FAT12_f_1 shl cl, 1 ; *2 shr ax, 1 ; /2 jmp short FAT12_f_0 FAT12_f_1: ; 28/10/2023 pop ax mov [bp+0Dh], cl ; [BPB_SecPerClus] ;mov byte [bp+10h], 2 ; [BPB_NumFATs] ;mov word [bp+0Eh], 1 ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] ;mov word [bp+11h], 512 ; [BPB_RootEntCnt] ; Calculating FAT size in sectors ; AX = partition (volume) size in sectors ; CX = sectors per clusters xor dx, dx div cx ; AX = cluster count (only for FAT size calc) ; DX = 0 add ax, 2 ; cluster 2 to ... mov dx, ax shl dx, 1 add ax, dx ; *3 shr ax, 1 ; /2 adc ax, 0 ; +0.5 -> +1 ; AX = FAT bytes for 12 bit cluster numbers mov cx, 512 ; [BPB_BytesPerSec] add ax, cx dec ax ; [BPB_BytesPerSec] - 1 sub dx, dx div cx mov [bp+16h], ax ; [BPB_FATSz16] ; * 2 shl ax, 1 ; AX = [BPB_NumFATs] * [BPB_FATSz16] ;mov cx, [bp+0Eh] ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] ; 1 ;add cx, ax ;mov ax, [bp+11h] ; [BPB_RootEntCnt] = 512 ;add ax, 15 ; (16-1) (512-1) ;shr ax, 4 ; /16 (*32/512) ;; AX = Root dir sectors ;; CX = [BPB_RsvdSecCnt]+([BPB_NumFATs]*[BPB_FATSz16]) ;add cx, ax ; + RootDirsectors ;mov [root_dir_secs], ax ;mov cx, 33 mov cx, [root_dir_secs] ; 14/07/2024 (bugfix) ; ax = 2 * FAT size (in sectors) add ax, [bp+0Eh] ; total FAT sectors + reserved sectors mov [bp+42h], ax ; bsRootDirStart mov [bp+44h], cx ; bsRootDirSects ;mov word [bp+46h], 16 ; bsDirEntsPerSec ; 14/07/2024 ;add cx, [bp+0Eh] ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] ; 1 ; cx = root directory sectors + reserved sectors add cx, ax ; cx = root dir sects + rsvd sects + total FAT sects ; CX = [BPB_RsvdSecCnt]+([BPB_NumFATs]*[BPB_FATSz16]) ; + RootDirSectors mov ax, [bp+13h] ; [BPB_TotSec16] sub ax, cx ; AX = data sectors ; cH = 0 ; fix FAT size (better method) or si, si jnz short FAT12_f_9 mov si, ax ; ax = data sectors jmp short FAT12_f_10 FAT12_f_9: xor dx, dx mov [data_start], cx mov [data_start+2], dx ; 0 ; 14/07/2024 (bugfix) mov [bp+40h], cx ; bsDataStart ; DX_AX = Data sectors mov [data_sectors], ax mov [data_sectors+2], dx ; 0 mov cl, [bp+0Dh] ; [BPB_SecPerClus] sub ch, ch div cx ; AX = Count of clusters (rounded down) sub dx, dx ; 0 mov [cluster_count], ax mov [cluster_count+2], dx ; 0 lea di, [bp+43] ; [BS_VolLab] call write_volume_name lea si, [bp+39] ; [BS_VolID] call write_volume_serial call write_cluster_count call write_formatting_msg mov al, 0 call write_format_percent_x mov ax, [bp+1Ch] ; [BPB_HiddSec] mov dx, [bp+1Eh] ; [BPB_HiddSec+2] add [data_start], ax adc [data_start+2], dx ; DX_AX = FAT12 Boot Sector address mov bx, RD_FAT12_hd_bs ; ES:BX = Boot Sector Buffer call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 ; write remain part of reserved sectors mov cx, [bp+0Eh] ; [BPB_RsvdSecCnt] ;sub cx, 1 ;jna short FAT12_f_3 dec cx jz short FAT12_f_3 FAT12_f_2: push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_EMPTY_BUFF call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 pop cx dec cx ; dec cl jnz short FAT12_f_2 FAT12_f_3: ; write FAT sectors mov cx, [data_start] ; lba/abs addr mov bx, [data_start+2] ; lba/abs addr sub cx, [root_dir_secs] sbb bx, 0 push bx push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_FATBUFFER ; ES:BX = FAT Sector Buffer mov cl, [bp+15h] ; [BPB_Media] mov ch, 0FFh mov [bx], cx ; 0FFF8h mov [bx+2], ch ; 0FFFFF8h ;xor cx, cx call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent ;mov bx, HDFORMAT_FATBUFFER mov cx, 0 mov [bx], cx mov [bx+2], cl jmp short FAT12_f_5 FAT12_f_4: push bx push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_FATBUFFER call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent FAT12_f_5: pop cx pop bx add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 cmp dx, bx jb short FAT12_f_4 cmp ax, cx jb short FAT12_f_4 ; write root directory sectors ; as empty sectors mov cx, [root_dir_secs] FAT12_f_6: push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_EMPTY_BUFF call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 pop cx dec cx ; dec cl jnz short FAT12_f_6 ; write DATA sectors ; (after root directory sectors) mov cx, [data_sectors] ;mov bx, [data_sectors+2] ;inc bx FAT12_f_7: ;push bx push cx mov bx, HDFORMAT_SECBUFFER call write_hd_sector jc formatting_error call write_format_percent pop cx ;pop bx add ax, 1 adc dx, 0 dec cx jnz short FAT12_f_7 ;dec bx ;jnz short FAT12_f_7 ; If there are, format remain sectors which are ; at beyond of data clusters, with zero bytes. mov cx, [bp+1Ch] ; [BPB_HiddSec] mov bx, [bp+1Eh] ; [BPB_HiddSec+2] add cx, [bp+13h] ; [BPB_TotSec16] adc bx, 0 jmp FAT12_f_8 ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; Read & Write characters ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - rw_char: ; OUTPUT -> DS:SI = Entered String (ASCIIZ) mov si, StrVolumeName mov bx, 7 mov ah, 3 int 10h mov [Cursor_Pos], dx read_next_char: xor ah, ah int 16h and al, al jz short loc_arrow cmp al, 0E0h je short loc_arrow cmp al, 8 jne short char_return loc_back: mov ah, 3 int 10h cmp dl, byte [Cursor_Pos] jna short loc_beep prev_column: dec dl set_cursor_pos: mov ah, 2 int 10h mov bl, dl sub bl, byte [Cursor_Pos] mov cx, 1 mov ah, 9 mov al, 20h mov [si+bx], al loc_write_it: mov bl, 7 int 10h mov dx, [Cursor_Pos] jmp short read_next_char loc_beep: mov ah, 0Eh mov al, 7 int 10h jmp short read_next_char loc_arrow: cmp ah, 4Bh je short loc_back cmp ah, 53h je short loc_back jmp short read_next_char char_return: mov ah, 3 int 10h check_char_type: cmp al, 20h jb short loc_escape mov ah, dl sub ah, byte [Cursor_Pos] ;cmp ah, 10 ;ja short loc_beep cmp ah, [vname_length] jnb short loc_beep cmp al, 'z' ja short read_next_char cmp al, 'a' jb short pass_capitalize and al, 0DFh pass_capitalize: mov bl, ah xor ah, ah mov [si+bx], ax mov bl, 7 mov ah, 0Eh int 10h jmp short read_next_char pass_escape: cmp al, 0Dh ; 13 ; ENTER jne short read_next_char ;mov ah, 0Eh ;int 10h ;mov al, 0Ah ;int 10h retn loc_escape: cmp al, 1Bh ; 27 ; ESC jne short pass_escape stc retn ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; 32 bit division ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - div32: ; DX_AX/CX ; Result: DX_AX, BX (remainder) mov bx, ax ;or dx, ax ; * DX_AX = 0 ? ;jz short div32_retn ; yes, do not divide! mov ax, dx xor dx, dx div cx ; at first, divide DX ; remainder is in DX xchg ax, bx ; now quotient is in BX ; and initial AX value is in AX div cx ; now, DX_AX has been divided and ; AX has quotient ; DX has remainder xchg dx, bx ; finally, BX has remainder ;div32_retn: retn ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; Convert byte to decimal number ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - bin_to_decimal: ; INPUT: DS:SI = Target location ; DX_AX = Binary Number (Integer) ; OUTPUT: Decimal char at DS:SI ; SI decremented after every division ; till AX<10. ; CX, DX, BX will be changed. ; mov cx, 10 btd_0: ; DX_AX = Dividend ; CX = Divisor call div32 ; DX_AX = Quotient ; BX = remainder add bl, '0' mov [si], bl and dx, dx jz short btd_2 btd_1: dec si jmp short btd_0 btd_2: or ax, ax jnz short btd_1 retn ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; Convert byte to hexadecimal number ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - byte_to_hex: bin_to_hex: ; INPUT -> ; AL = byte (binary number) ; OUTPUT -> ; AX = hexadecimal string ; push bx xor bx, bx mov bl, al shr bl, 4 mov bl, [bx+hexchrs] xchg bl, al and bl, 0Fh mov ah, [bx+hexchrs] pop bx retn ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; initialized data ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- align 2 trdos386fc: dw format_FAT16_fs dw 0 ;volume_id: ; dd 0 ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; FAT boot sector code ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RD_FAT12_hd_bs: incbin 'RD2HDBS.BIN' ; 25/10/2023 RD_FAT16_hd_bs: incbin 'RD4HDBS.BIN' ; 24/10/2023 RD_FAT32_hd_bs: incbin 'RD5HDBS3.BIN' ; 29/01/2026 ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; messages ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lba: db 0 drv: db 0 sectors: db 0 db 0 heads: db 0 db 0 cylinders: dw 0 RD_Welcome: db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'Retro DOS v4 Hard Disk Partition Formatting Utility ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'v1.1.260129 (c) Erdogan TAN 2020-2026 ' db 0Dh,0Ah db 0Dh,0Ah db 'Usage: hdformat ' db 0Dh,0Ah, 0Dh, 0Ah db 'Drive names: ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db ' hd0 or C: ..for primary dos partition on 1st disk ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db ' hd1 or D: ..for primary dos partition on 2nd disk ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db ' hd2 ..for primary dos partition on 3rd disk ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db ' hd3 ..for primary dos partition on 4th disk ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db 0Dh, 0Ah db ' Example: hdformat hd0 ', 0Dh, 0Ah db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'Optional: hdformat -partition ', 0Dh, 0Ah db 0Dh, 0Ah db ' Example: hdformat -1 hd1 (partition 1 on 2nd disk) ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db ' hdformat -2 hd0 (partition 2 on 1st disk) ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'Options: 1 (partition 1) ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db ' 2 (partition 2) ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db ' 3 (partition 3) ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db ' 4 (partition 4) ' db 0Dh, 0Ah, 0 partition: ; selected partition (0 = primary dos partition) db 0 RD_Format_warning: db 0Dh, 0Ah db "WARNING ! ", 0Dh, 0Ah db "(If you say 'Yes', all of data in the primary DOS partition will be lost !) " RD_Do_you_want: db 0Dh, 0Ah db 0Dh, 0Ah db "Do you want to format DOS partition as Retro DOS FAT" fattype_str: db "16 fs ? (Y/N) " db 0 _yes_str: db 'YES ' db 0Dh, 0Ah, 0 _no_str: db 'NO ' db 0Dh, 0Ah, 0 _msg_OK: ;db 07h db 0Dh, 0Ah db "OK." RD_CRLF: db 0Dh, 0Ah, 0 RD_PressKeyWhenReady: db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'Press Enter to format primary dos partition on hd' RD_Drive: db '?. ', 0 RD_disk_NotReadyOrError: db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'Disk error or drive not ready ! ' zbyte: db 'Try again ? (Y/N) ' db 0 RD_psize_defect: db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'MBR partition size defect ! ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db '(less than the minimum number of sectors required) ' db 0 RD_fatp_notfound: db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'MBR does not contain ' a_p_d_p: db 'a primary DOS partition ! ' fattype: db 0 ;RetryCount: ; db 4 ;error: db 0 not_primary_dos_p: db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'Selected partition is not ' db 0 ;align 2 align 4 hexchrs: db '0123456789ABCDEF' Cursor_Pos: ; dw 0 CHS_limit: ; dword dw 0 ;dw 0 sign: dw 417 ; magic word ;align 4 msg_sectors_crlf: db " sector" msg_sectors_crlf_s: db "s" db 0Dh, 0Ah, 0 vname_length: db 0 bs_oem_name: ;db 'TRDOS2.0', 0 ; 28/10/2023 db 'RETRODOS', 0 align 2 no_name: db 'NO NAME ', 0 Msg_Volume_Name: db 0Dh, 0Ah db 0Dh, 0Ah db "Volume Name: ", 0 Msg_Volume_Serial: db "Volume Serial No: " Vol_Serial1: db "0000" db "-" Vol_Serial2: db "0000" db 0Dh, 0Ah, 0 msg_cluster_count: db "Cluster Count: ", 0 cluster_count_str: db "0000000" db 0Dh, 0Ah, 0 msg_formatting: db "Formatting ", 0 format_percent_str: db "000%" db 0 Msg_3dot_OK: db '...' Msg_OK: db ' OK.' CRLF: db 0Dh, 0Ah, 0 Msg_Error: db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'Error ! ' db '(' error_code: dw 3030h db 'h' db ') ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db 0 ; 04/05/2024 FAT32_note: db 0Dh, 0Ah db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'NOTE: ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'Retro DOS v4.2 -MSDOS 6.22- does not recognize FAT32 file system.' db 0Dh, 0Ah DB 0Dh, 0Ah db 'But, Retro DOS v5 -PCDOS 7.1- recognizes FAT32 file system and ' db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'its boot sector will be used to format the new FAT32 partition/volume.' db 0Dh, 0Ah db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'The kernel file name of the FAT32 boot sector is ', 34,'PCDOS.SYS', 34,'.' db 0Dh, 0Ah db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'Press ENTER to CONTINUE or press another key to CANCEL.' db 0Dh, 0Ah, 0Dh, 0Ah, 0 ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; initialized buffers ;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - HDFORMAT_SECBUFFER: times 512 db 0F6h HDFORMAT_FSINFO_BUFF: dd 41615252h ; FSI_LeadSig times 480 db 0 ; FSI_Reserved1 dd 61417272h ; FSI_StrucSig dd 0FFFFFFFFh ; FSI_Free_Count dd 000000002h ; FSI_Nxt_Free times 12 db 0 ; FSI_Reserved2 dd 0AA550000h ; FSI_TrailSig ;SizeOfFile equ $-100 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; uninitialized data ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- bss_start: ABSOLUTE bss_start alignb 4 fsID: resb 1 rw: resb 1 csize: resw 1 ; heads*spt (sectors per cylinder) dosp_start: resd 1 ; start sector of the (primary) dos partition dosp_size: resd 1 ; partition size in sectors MBR: bootsector: ; resb 512 HDFORMAT_FATBUFFER: HDFORMAT_EMPTY_BUFF: resb 512 ;HDFORMAT_FATBUFFER: ;HDFORMAT_EMPTY_BUFF: ; resb 512 data_start: resd 1 data_sectors: resd 1 cluster_count: resd 1 root_dir_secs: resw 1 format_percent: resw 1 prev_percent: resb 1 rsvdbyte: resb 1 old_sp: resw 1 StrVolumeName: resb 12 end_bss: